案例 1：Workado, LLC（f/k/a Content at Scale AI）——AI 内容检测产品准确性宣称案

  • 案号/文号：FTC Matter/File No. 2323092（官方案例页「FTC Matter/File Number」字段）
  • 机关：美国联邦贸易委员会（Federal Trade Commission, FTC）
  • 日期：最终命令获终局批准 2025-08-28（官方新闻稿发布日；起诉为 2025 年 4 月）
  • 所涉法律：FTC Act 第 5 条（不公平或欺骗性行为）``——官方新闻稿未直接点明条文号，须回最终命令/起诉书原文坐实；官方案例页标签为「deceptive/misleading conduct」
  • 要旨（官方原文）：

“The Federal Trade Commission has given final approval to an order against Workado, LLC, requiring the company to stop advertising the accuracy or efficacy of its artificial intelligence (AI) content detection products unless it has competent and reliable evidence showing those products are as accurate as claimed.”

“Workado markets its AI Content Detector to consumers seeking to determine whether written content was developed using generative AI technology or if it was written by a human being. The company claimed that its AI Content Detector was developed using a wide range of material, including blog posts and Wikipedia entries, to make it more accurate for average users. The FTC’s April 2025 complaint alleges, however, that the AI model powering the AI Content Detector was trained or fine-tuned to effect…”

“The final order is designed to ensure Workado does not engage in similar false, misleading, or unsupported advertising. Under the order, Workado: Is prohibited from making any representations about the effectiveness of any AI content detection product unless it is not misleading, and the company has competent and reliable evidence to support the claim at the time it is made; …”

（本网译，非官方译本，仅供参考）：FTC 已对 Workado, LLC 作出终局命令：除有适格且可靠的证据证明其人工智能（AI）内容检测产品确实达到所宣称的准确度外，该公司不得再就该等产品的准确性或效能作广告宣称。Workado 向消费者销售 AI Content Detector，用于判断文字内容系由生成式 AI 生成还是由人撰写；该公司宣称其检测器使用了包括博客文章、维基百科条目在内的大量素材训练以提高准确度。而 FTC 2025 年 4 月的起诉状指称，其底层 AI 模型被训练/微调至特定效果……终局命令要求 Workado 不得作出误导性宣称，且作出宣称时须有适格可靠证据支持。

  • 官方直链：
    • 案例页（含文号、状态）：https://www.ftc.gov/legal-library/browse/cases-proceedings/2323092-content-scale-ai
    • 新闻稿（最终命令批准，2025-08-28）：https://www.ftc.gov/news-events/news/press-releases/2025/08/ftc-approves-final-order-against-workado-llc-which-misrepresented-accuracy-its-artificial
    • 新闻稿（2025-04 命令要求举证）：https://www.ftc.gov/news-events/news/press-releases/2025/04/ftc-order-requires-workado-back-artificial-intelligence-detection-claims
  • 官方原文存档：FTC-Workado-2323092-案例页.html / .txt；FTC-Workado-2323092-最终命令新闻稿.html / .txt
  • 法域：美国（联邦）

案例 2：GGL Projects, Inc.（d/b/a Sitejabber）——AI 评价平台虚假评分与评论案

  • 案号/文号：``——官方案例页未列「FTC Matter/File Number」字段；案名为 In the Matter of GGL Projects, Inc., a Corporation, also d/b/a Sitejabber.
  • 机关：美国联邦贸易委员会（FTC）
  • 日期：起诉状发出于 2024 年 11 月（官方案例页原文 “In a complaint issued in November 2024”）；最终命令批准日 ``
  • 所涉法律：FTC Act 第 5 条（欺骗性行为）``——须回命令原文坐实
  • 要旨（官方原文）：

“In a complaint issued in November 2024, the FTC charged that Sitejabber deceived consumers by misrepresenting that ratings and reviews it published came from customers who experienced the reviewed product or service, artificially inflating average ratings and review counts. Under a proposed order settling the agency’s complaint, Sitejabber will be prohibited from making such misrepresentations and from making other misrepresentations about consumer ratings or reviews. The Commission approved the…”

“PRESS RELEASE: FTC Order Against AI-Enabled Review Platform Sitejabber Will Ensure Consumers Get Truthful and Accurate Reviews”

“PRESS RELEASE: FTC Approves Final Order against Sitejabber, Which Misrepresented Ratings and Reviews by Consumers Who Had Not Yet Received Products or Services”

（本网译，非官方译本，仅供参考）：FTC 于 2024 年 11 月发出起诉状，指控 Sitejabber 欺骗消费者——其发布的评分与评论被虚假表示为来自实际体验过所评商品或服务的消费者，从而人为抬高平均评分与评论数量。依和解拟议命令，Sitejabber 将被禁止作出此类虚假表示，亦不得就消费者评分或评论作出其他虚假表示。委员会已批准……（官方新闻稿标题：FTC 针对人工智能驱动的评价平台 Sitejabber 的命令将确保消费者获得真实准确的评论。）

  • 官方直链：
    • 案例页（含完整描述与新闻稿内链）：https://www.ftc.gov/legal-library/browse/cases-proceedings/sitejabber
  • 官方原文存档：FTC-GGL-Projects-Sitejabber-案例页.html / .txt
  • 法域：美国（联邦）

案例 3：FTC 诉 Evolv Technologies Holdings, Inc.——AI 安检系统检测能力虚假宣称案

  • 案号/文号：案名 Federal Trade Commission, Plaintiff, v. Evolv Technologies Holdings, Inc., a Corporation, Defendant.；案号/docket 号 ``（官方页面未列）
  • 机关：美国联邦贸易委员会（FTC，作为原告）
  • 日期：2024-11-26（官方新闻稿发布日）
  • 所涉法律：FTC Act 第 5 条（欺骗性行为）``——须回命令/起诉书原文坐实
  • 要旨（官方原文）：

“The Federal Trade Commission is taking action against Evolv Technologies over allegations that the company made false claims about the extent to which its AI-powered security screening system can detect weapons and ignore harmless personal items, including in school settings.”

“In the proposed FTC settlement order, Evolv would be banned from making unsupported claims about its products’ ability…”

（新闻稿副题） “Proposed settlement would prohibit misrepresentations and allow affected schools to opt out of current contracts for security screening systems”

（本网译，非官方译本，仅供参考）：FTC 对 Evolv Technologies 采取执法行动，指称该公司就其人工智能驱动的安检系统在武器检出能力、以及对无害随身物品的忽略能力（含校园场景）方面作出虚假宣称。依拟议和解命令，Evolv 将被禁止就其产品能力作出无依据的宣称；拟议和解还将禁止虚假表示，并允许受影响的学校退出现行的安检系统合同。

  • 官方直链：
    • 案例页：https://www.ftc.gov/legal-library/browse/cases-proceedings/evolv-technologies
    • 新闻稿（2024-11-26）：https://www.ftc.gov/news-events/news/press-releases/2024/11/ftc-takes-action-against-evolv-technologies-deceiving-users-about-its-ai-powered-security-screening
  • 官方原文存档：FTC-Evolv-Technologies-案例页.html / .txt；FTC-Evolv-Technologies-新闻稿.html / .txt
  • 法域：美国（联邦）

案例 4：Tractor Supply Company——CCPA 隐私告知与求职者权利告知违规案（CPPA 史上最大罚单）

  • 案号/文号：Case No. ENF24-M-TR-04（）
  • 机关：加州隐私保护局（CPPA / CalPrivacy）董事会（Board）
  • 日期：公告日 2025-09-30；决定书签署日 2025-09-26
  • 所涉法律：加州消费者隐私法（California Consumer Privacy Act, CCPA）——隐私告知（privacy notice）与消费者/求职者权利告知义务
  • 要旨（官方原文）：

“SACRAMENTO – The California Privacy Protection Agency (CPPA) Board has issued a decision requiring Tractor Supply Company, the nation’s largest rural lifestyle retailer with more than 2,500 stores in 49 states, to change its business practices and pay a $1,350,000 fine to resolve claims that the company violated the California Consumer Privacy Act (CCPA). The fine is the largest in the CPPA’s history, and the decision is the first to address the importance of CCPA privacy notices and privacy rig…”

“According to the Board’s decision, Tractor Supply violated Californians’ privacy rights by: Failing to maintain a privacy policy that notified consumers of their rights; Failing to notify California job applicants of their privacy rights and how to exercise them; …”

“To resolve the allegations, Tractor Supply agreed to pay $1,350,000, implement broad remedial measures, such as scanning its digital properties to inventory tracking technologies, and require a corporate officer or director to certify compliance annually for the next four years.”

（本网译，非官方译本，仅供参考）：加州隐私保护局董事会作出决定，要求全美最大乡村生活方式零售商 Tractor Supply Company（在 49 州拥有 2,500 余家门店）改变其业务做法并支付 1,350,000 美元罚款，以了结其违反 CCPA 的主张；该罚款为 CPPA 史上最高，该决定亦为首次就 CCPA 隐私告知与隐私权的重要性作出认定。据董事会决定，Tractor Supply 侵害加州居民隐私权的方式包括：未维持告知消费者其权利的隐私政策；未告知加州求职者其隐私权及行使方式……为达成和解，Tractor Supply 同意支付 1,350,000 美元、采取广泛的补救措施（如扫描其数字资产以梳理追踪技术清单），并须由公司高管或董事在未来四年内每年认证合规。

  • 官方直链：
    • 公告页：https://cppa.ca.gov/announcements/2025/20250930.html
    • 决定书（公告页内链）：https://cppa.ca.gov/pdf/20250930_tractor_supply_bd_sfo.pdf
  • 官方原文存档：CPPA-20250930-Tractor-Supply-决定公告.html / .txt；CPPA-20250930-Tractor-Supply-决定书.pdf（1.0 MB）
  • 法域：美国（加州）

案例 5：ROR Partners LLC——健身健康品牌营销商未依《删除法》登记为数据经纪商案

  • 案号/文号：Case No. ENF25-245-D-RO（）
  • 机关：加州隐私保护局（CPPA / CalPrivacy）董事会
  • 日期：公告日 2025-12-03；决定书签署日 2025-11-26
  • 所涉法律：加州《删除法》（California Delete Act）——数据经纪商年度登记义务
  • 要旨（官方原文）：

“SACRAMENTO, CA – The California Privacy Protection Agency Board has issued a decision requiring ROR Partners LLC, a Nevada-based marketing firm catering to fitness and wellness brands, to pay $56,600 in fines and past-due fees for failing to register as a data broker in violation of California’s Delete Act. The Enforcement Division brought the case as part of its …”

（本网译，非官方译本，仅供参考）：加州隐私保护局董事会作出决定，要求总部位于内华达、服务健身与健康品牌的营销公司 ROR Partners LLC，因违反加州《删除法》未登记为数据经纪商，缴纳 56,600 美元的罚款及欠缴费用。

  • 官方直链：
    • 公告页：https://cppa.ca.gov/announcements/2025/20251203.html
    • 决定书（公告页内链）：https://cppa.ca.gov/pdf/ror_partners_ood.pdf
  • 官方原文存档：CPPA-20251203-ROR-Partners-决定公告.html / .txt；CPPA-20251203-ROR-Partners-决定书.pdf（0.9 MB）

附一：同批另 2 件（未计入上述 5 件）

以下 2 件同属 CalPrivacy 2026-01-08 数据经纪人执法公告，字段已从官方公告页核实，因与案例 5 同源同日，并列于此：

#主体处罚金额事由所涉法律公告日官方直链
ARickenbacher Data LLC（d/b/a Datamasters，得克萨斯州）$45,000未登记为数据经纪商；并转售含阿尔茨海默病、药物成瘾、膀胱失禁等健康状况人士的姓名/住址/电话/邮箱加州《删除法》2026-01-08https://cppa.ca.gov/announcements/2026/20260108.html ；决定书 https://cppa.ca.gov/pdf/datamasters_order_signed.pdf
BS&P Global, Inc.（纽约州）$62,600因行政性差错未登记为数据经纪商；须建立登记与合规审计程序加州《删除法》2026-01-08https://cppa.ca.gov/announcements/2026/20260108.html ；决定书 https://cppa.ca.gov/pdf/sp_global_inc_fo_signed.pdf

附二：说明

  • 机关名称变更：加州隐私保护局（CPPA）自 2026-01-26 起将全部公告迁至 privacy.ca.gov，对外名称改用 CalPrivacy。2025 年及更早公告仍留存于 cppa.ca.gov/announcements/，链接有效。
  • 日期口径：本批为执法/处罚案例，不涉法规生效节点，故无「法律生效日 vs 合规义务适用日」之分。但《删除法》项下数据经纪商登记义务为每年 1 月履行，与各案处罚公告日属不同性质的节点。
  • 来源范围：全部字段仅取自 FTC 官网与 CalPrivacy/CPPA 官网一手页面与官方 PDF，无第三方转载、无律所解读入正文。